japanese reaction to commodore perry

Commodore Perry’s ships. Weeks of long, tiresome talks took place about where the Americans should land. Commodore Perry found a rigidly conformist, technologically backward, military-feudal, and largely agricultural society that had been almost totally closed to the outside world since 1638. In the 1830s, the Far Eastern squadron of the U.S. Navy sent several missions from its regional base in Guangzhou (Canton), China, but in each case, the Japanese did not permit them to land, and they lacked the authority from the U.S. Government to force the issue. Tokugawa shogaunate's reaction to the USA (Perry) Fearful that with its military strength, the USA could easily defeat Japan in war. Upon your visit to the Museum, be sure to see "Commodore Perry and the Opening of Japan" exhibition. The end of this peaceful pre-modern period began in AD 1853 with the arrival of American Commodore Matthew C. Perry and his “Black Ships.” Forced by Perry’s gunboat diplomacy to open up ports to international trade, Japan finally painfully realized how … But that reaction was followed by … But behind this mistake was another, earlier miscalculation. Japanese woodblock print “Opening of Japan by Commodore Perry” in 1853-54 . (2) They opened more ports to trade. Due to the postwar production slowdown, increased trade barriers and tariffs imposed by the West, and economic strains caused by the Great Kanto Earthquake, Japan fell into an economic depression two years before the global Great Depression began in 1930. Even before Commodore Perry forced diplomatic relations on a reluctant Japan, the Japanese were aware of the West. Born at Newport, RI, on April 10, 1794, Matthew Calbraith Perry was the son of Captain Christopher Perry and Sarah Perry. Adm. John Aquilino, who assumed the post in April, and Japanese Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi shared their… Arthur Walworth's 1946 work, Black Ships Off Japan: The Story of Commodore Perry's Expedition, was released in the immediate aftermath of World War II, near the beginning of the American occupation of Japan. The old Japanese shogunate asked the emperor - Shanti's father - for advice. How would you describe the reaction of these Japanese to the arrival of foreign ships? Commodore Perry in Japan by Robert L. Reynolds, 1963, American Heritage Pub. When I say persimmon tree, most people have an instant reaction of an uncontrollable puckering. Japanese Reactions to the West Document 1: Viewpoint 1 Aizawa Seishisai 1825 “Our Divine Land is where the sun rises and where the energy originates. Commodore Perry's arrival? Like Commodore Matthew Perry's "Black Ships," today's black ships of Asia offer an opportunity to foster innovation by placing external pressure on the Japanese … Commodore Matthew Perry served in numerous wars, of which the Mexican-American War from 1846 to 1848 serves as the most notable one. 1853: US Navy Commodore Matthew Perry arrives in Japanese waters with the “black ships.” 1854: Japan-US Treaty of Peace and Amity signed. When it is published in 1855, it meets with negative public reaction. Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry--the title and name ... and Russian ships were nosing through Japanese waters. Both Commodore Perry and William Heine discussed the banquet in great detail. 1853-54: Forced opening of secluded, backward Japan by U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry’s “Black Ships.” 1867-68: Meiji Restoration overthrows Tokugawa Shogunate, which had … ABSS8_ch15.qxd 2/8/07 3:56 PM Page 326 The continuing success of designers such as Issey Miyake, Political reaction against Roosevelt in California was fierce. For example Kojima records: All the Americans had … Commodore Perry’s 1853 expedition was not the first time a western power made overtures toward the Japanese. This act gave the federal government the power to relocate any native in the east to territory west of the mississippi river. ... A rising sense of nationalism in China was a reaction to the inability of Cixi to accept foreign ideas. Commodore Perry arrived at Uraga in Japan with five black ships in 1853 to an unsurprisingly hostile welcome. We both thoroughly enjoyed the story. 5. The final ship promised to Commodore Perry was the ship of the line Vermont. Commodore Matthew Perry’s first visited Japan on July 8th, 1853. He went to the Japanese capital, Edo (now Tokyo), and made demands. He demanded that ports be opened to Americans, that prisoners be treated well and given back, etc. Then in 1853, U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry took four ships into Tokyo Harbor. Nikolai Rezanov’s attempt in 1805 to dislodge the Dutch from their monopoly of Japanese trade was a dismal—and humiliating—failure. He played a leading role in the opening of Japan to the West with the Convention of … 1854- Treaty of Kanagawa opens Japanese ports to U.S. ships. His first visit took place outside of Edo and was brief. Commodore Perry's mission was not the first American overture to the Japanese. Commodore Perry was fully prepared for hostilities if his negotiations with the Japanese failed, and threatened to open fire if the Japanese refused to negotiate. Both volumes are numbered 880 in the Japanese colophons, from an unspecified limited edition. Outside forces of change U.S. wanted to trade with Japan Commodore Matthew Perry comes to Japan in 1853 Perry demanded that Japanese ports be opened to Western trade Showed off (i.e. In July 1853, Commodore Matthew C. Perry illegally entered Tokyo Bay with a fleet of four American warships and challenged Japan’s isolationist position towards the United States. Arthur Walworth's 1946 work, Black Ships Off Japan: The Story of Commodore Perry's Expedition, was 3300 Words | 14 Pages. Japanese rendering of American arrival. Israel and Hamas announced a cease-fire Thursday, ending a bruising 11-day war that caused widespread destruction in the Gaza Strip and brought life in much of Israel to a standstill. 1860- World event Upon your visit to the Museum, be sure to see "Commodore Perry and the Opening of Japan" exhibition. Unlike some non-fiction, this book is a story. 15 in Meiji Japan FIGURE 15-1 This pen and ink drawing done in the 19th century shows the arrival of Commodore Perry’s ships. The Emperor became the most powerful figure in Japanese society and government replacing the Shogun. The Commodore Perry Navy League Council, formed in Tokyo in the 1960s, remains listed as a vibrant, active group. Japan's nominal ruler was an emperor (the Mikado) residing with his court nobles at Kyoto, but the real power in Japan at this time was exercised by the … By this point, the Japanese government had decided to accept nearly all of the American demands. Perry, on behalf of the U.S. government, forced Japan to enter into trade with the United States and demanded a treaty permitting trade and the opening of Japanese ports to U.S. merchant ships. However, the Japanese repeatedly refused. In Edo, there was a delayed reaction to Perry among ordi-nary people. D23 Objective: To analyze the impact of imperialism on Japan. When Perry first arrived at Edo Bay, the whole Japanese region was in Chaos. Moreover, you will be able to see some of the Japanese items that were brought (1) They attacked the British navy. Japanese reaction. 3 2. The industrial/modern ships shocked the Japanese. The Commodore intended to deliver the letter personally to an official representative. Declared Gandhi "The Greatest Man in the World" in April 1921. Kido Takayoshi Policies of centralization and When Commodore Perry forced Japan to trade with the west the power of the Shogunate was broken. Get your free trial of MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/voicesofthepast. Japan - Japan - The opening of Japan: In 1845, when Abe Masahiro replaced Mizuno Tadakuni as head of the rōjū, there were various reactions against the Tempō reforms. The heirs of the Great Sun have occupied the Sequential, Japan, openly displayed a panicky reaction to Commodore Perry’s visit such that China is forced to take notice also. c. Eager and immediate acceptance of what the West had to offer . Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry’s “Black Ships” that appeared belching smoke from their funnels off Uraga at the mouth of Edo Bay presented such “shock and awe” to … Panic caused by Perry’s arrival saw the bakufu ask the daimyo for advice. b. On July 14, 1853 Perry arrived in Uraga Harbour with 2 steamships, 2 sailing vessels and roughly 1000 crew. What message did Commodore Matthew Perry of the United States bring with him when he arrived in 1853? Commodore Mathew Perry - First visit to Japan. Hamas… In addition, he was the younger brother of Oliver Hazard Perry who would go on to earn fame at the Battle of Lake Erie. Also in 1854, Perry forced Japanese officials under threat of bombardment to sign the “Convention of Kanagawa” compelling Japan’s ports to accept foreign trade and imposing a system of extraterritoriality which placed foreign residents under the jurisdiction of their respective nations’ consular courts, exempting them from Japanese law. When U.S. Commodore Matthew C. Perry arrived in Japan in 1853 demanding that Japan sign commercial treaties with America, many younger Japanese samurai realized that their old system would have to change. Part of the U.S. Japanese Squadron under Commodore Perry's command. Reaction of Japanese? a. You and your students will be able to see the Japanese and the United States reaction towards each other when they first meet during Perry's initial visitto Japan. Miyamoto's production won rave reviews from the New York Times and Washington Post, and the production may be brought to Broadway coincide with the 150th anniversary celebrations. The Tokugawa shogun resigned and gave power to the Meiji emperor . In 1854, a fleet of American naval ships arrived in Japan’s Tokyo Bay. He also was told by both the British and French that they intended to accompany him to Japan in the spring to ensure that the Americans did not obtain any exclusive privileges. President Theodore Roosevelt brokered a 1905 peace treaty in the Russo-Japanese War that was favorable to Japan. Basic Sources on Commodore Perry and the Opening of Japan followed by Staff, Credits, and Acknowledgements Basic Primary Sources Perry, Matthew Calbraith. CO 1879-1964 - John Haynes Holmes - Minister & social activist. This threat materialized in 1853 with the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry and a squadron of the U.S. Navy demanding that Japan open commerce with the West. To a certain extent, Ishiwara was correct. On March 27, 1854, a month and a half after the Yokohama banquet, Commodore Perry hosted a dinner party on the USS Powhatan, to which he invited some 70 Japanese guests, including Hayashi Daigaku-no-kami Akira, the scholar-diplomat who led the Japanese side in the negotiations. The two signed a Commerce and Navigation Treaty in 1911. The author of this account, Matajiro Kojima, was a Government official present during the visit of Commodore Perry to Hakodate in 1854. For the Japanese, who had restricted their trade from much of the world for over two centuries, this was a troubling sight. The United States and the Opening to Japan, 1853. Read the full research paper. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s office said Israel accepted the Egyptian proposal after a late-night meeting of his Security Cabinet. The author of this account, Matajiro Kojima, was a Government official present during the visit of Commodore Perry to Hakodate in 1854. After hearing news of Russian, British, and French plots to gain access to Japan, Perry rushed back to Japan with an additional 6 ships. Japan, on the contrary, was much more receptive to the demands of Western envoys. [By Chang-su Cho Houchins; Introduction by P.M. Taylor. Perry's Return: Voyage of 1854. 327 In This Chapter In the last chapter, you saw that It was as a Commodore (a rank with meaning in the American navy, not so in the Royal Navy) that Perry entered Tokyo Bay fifty-nine years later in July 1853, in command of four fighting ships, two under sail and two powered by the new steam engines. 1879-1958 - Lionel Charlton - Air Commodore in Royal Air Force (RAF). Yes and no. Japan's Response Upon seeing Perry's fleet sailing into their harbor, the Japanese called them the "black ships of evil mien (appearance)." Many leaders wanted the foreigners expelled from the country, but in 1854 a treaty was signed between the United States and Japan which allowed trade at two ports. For many years most ships from the West had not been welcome in Japan. War with the United States . threatened with) steamboats and cannons Which action did Japanese leaders take directly following the visit of Commodore Perry in 1853? Capitulation to the demands, leading to a civil war . The account gives the Japanese reactions to Perry's visit as well as a description of the behavior of the Americans. From the Japanese point of view, Westerners were seen as ‘red-haired barbarians,’ a threat of Christianity and the power of invasion. A young man, he was assigned to the schooner USS Revenge, then … Beginning in the mid-17th century, the island’s feudal leaders enforced an economic, political and cultural isolation , allowing no contact with foreigners in order to preserve traditional Japanese … the Japanese were extremely overwhelmed by Commodore Perry's arrival. ... We have directed Commodore Perry to beg Your Imperial Majesty's acce ptance of a few presents. He said he would return in a year for the answer,” explained Gerald P. Rooney, president of the Whitfield-Manjiro Friendship Society in Fairhaven, Mass. Pretend you are a reporter for a Japanese newspaper On May 10, 1851, Webster drafted a letter addressed to the Perry demanded trading right. Japanese persimmons are easy trees to grow and do not need much coddling. Published: New York : American Heritage Pub. The US was feeling that it was the odd-nation out in the East. An overly schemat ic history of Japan’s relations with the West until the early 1990s would mark a legacy of inferiority symbolized in the “opening” of Japan to Commodore Perry, the . 1 Aral Pan 7 OHSP Learner’s Material 2 HEOGRAPIYA NG ASYA. Japanese Americans - History, Modern era, Migration to hawaii and america Ha-La. The account gives the Japanese reactions to Perry's visit as well as a description of the behavior of the Americans. Perry’s treaty caused the civil war that brought the Meiji administration into power. When Commodore Matthew C. Perry's four-ship squadron appeared in Edo Bay (Tokyo Bay) in July 1853, the shogunate was thrown into turmoil. Japan - Japan - The opening of Japan: In 1845, when Abe Masahiro replaced Mizuno Tadakuni as head of the rōjū, there were various reactions against the Tempō reforms. Commodore Matthew C. Perry carried a letter from U.S. president Millard Fillmore for Emperor Kōmei of Japan, which asked him to end a 200-year … changed Japan's political and social structure. Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry's Japan U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry opened American trade relations with Japan in 1854. Co.; book trade and institutional distribution by Harper & Row, 1963. demands of the United States. Perry thus returned on 13 Februar… Although having told the Japanese that he would return the following year, Perry soon learned that Russian admiral Vice-Admiral Yevfimiy Putyatinhad called in at Nagasaki shortly after he departed from Edo Bay, and had spent a month attempting to force the Japanese to sign a treaty before his return. Agenda: 1.Interactive Evidence Aim: How did the visit from Commodore Perry affect the Japanese view of the West? Painting of Commodore Matthew Perry's Arrival to Japan by About Japan Editors The painting is a depiction of Commodore Matthew Perry's meeting with Japanese officials at Yokohama in 1953. On July 14, 1853, Commodore Matthew C. Perry, with a squadron of four U.S. warships, landed at Kurihama, Japan to deliver a letter from President Millard Fillmore to the Shogunate. ... On Missouri that day was the same American flag that had been flown in 1853 on USS Powhatan by Commodore Matthew C. Perry on the first of his two expeditions to Japan. 1853- U.S. warships commanded by Matthew Perry enter Japanese waters. Commodore Mathew Perry and the Japanese sign the Treaty of Kanagawa opening ports up to trade with the U.S. Perry refused the anticipated Japanese demands to leave, or to proceed to Nagasaki, still the only Japanese port open to foreigners. The musical is filled with humorous episodes of two peoples encountering each other for the first time, and it tells of the lasting effect of this historic episode on Japan's development, all the way to the modern age. View AP_Unit_5_D23_Japanese_Imperialism.ppt from HIST 116 at University of Maryland, College Park. The following selection was compiled by Francis L. Hawks from the notes and journals of Commodore Perry. Japan’s Reaction to Imperialism Background: From the early 1600s to the mid-1800s, Japan traded with China and the Dutch. Commodore Perry in Japan (Book) Author: Reynolds, Robert L. 1924-Series: American heritage junior library. This time the musical, which was originally conceived as an American's view of Japan's reaction to Perry's arrival, is sung in Japanese by an all-Japanese cast. and were very unprepared against the immense amount of Japanese ships. The people reacted violently and supporters of Emperor Meiji used the situation to overthrow Yoshinobu, the last Tokugawa Shogun, in 1867. Letter of Commodore Perry to the Emperor (July 7, 1853) Letter of Commodore Perry in Connection with the Delivery of a White Flag (July 14, 1853) Japanese woodblock print of Matthew C. Perry, c.1854. The first place you can see the Japanese view towards Commodore Perry and his crew is from frightened attitude the Japanese possessed after witnessing the squadron of Perry. ... , foreigners were expelled from Japan and the country was largely isolated from the rest of the world until Commodore Matthew C. Perry of the U.S. Navy forced Japan to open its doors in 1853. Commodore Matthew Perry: When We Landed in Japan, 1854 [Tappan Introduction]: The expedition to Japan, which resulted in a treaty of peace between that country and the United States in 1854, was organized and commanded by Commodore Perry. With four ships at his back, the Commodore … The Japanese reactions were that of astonishment and malice. This ultimately involved throwing off many of the samurai traditions that had shackled the Tokugawa administration for many years. The country’s isolationist policy begins to unravel. We both learned so many things about Commodore Perry and his expedition to the Land of the Shogun, Japan. You and your students will be able to see the Japanese and the United States reaction towards each other when they first meet during Perry's initial visit to Japan. Attempts by the United States and other nations to establish formal relations with Japan were repeatedly rebuffed. The Ostend Manifesto is created declaring the U.S.'s right to purchase Cuba or take it by force if Spain does not agree to sell it. I think the western show of force most notably, “Perry’s expeditions”, starting in 1852, forced the Japanese government to rethink its closed-minded approach to western trade and ideology. Both volumes are numbered 880 in the Japanese colophons, from an unspecified limited edition. They realized its strength in the 19th century through the Dutch mission at Nagasaki and many began to study its science, technology, and languages. What was Japan’s reaction to Commodore Perry’s 1853 demand that Japanese ports be opened to foreigners? Karaniwang dinarayo ng mga turista mula sa iba't ibang panig ng mundo ang maraming lugar sa Asya gaya ng Boracay sa Pilipinas, Bali sa Indonesia, at Penang sa Malaysia. It has many pictures which added greatly to the story. Japan's Response Upon seeing Perry's fleet sailing into their harbor, the Japanese called them the "black ships of evil mien (appearance)." the legacies of power-laden histories of Japanese/ Western relations. Many leaders wanted the foreigners expelled from the country, but in 1854 a treaty was signed between the United States and Japan which allowed trade at two ports. Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan, performed in the years 1852, 1853, and 1854, under the Command of Commodore M. C. Perry, United States Navy, by Order of the Government of the … Japan had also sided with the U.S., Great Britain, and France during World War I. In 1853 Commodore Perry was sent by the United states to give an ultimatum to Japan to open its ports, and when he returned the next year the Japanese authorities accepted to negotiate with him (Storry, 1960) (Rosenberg, 1978). Saigo Takamori . The son of a naval officer, Perry prepared for a similar career and received a warrant as a midshipman on January 16, 1809. The 1840s and ‘50s saw Manifest Destiny at its zenith, with the burgeoning American republic aggressively pushing its way West, conquering vast swaths of land from Mexico and native tribes. ' '' ''' - -- --- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- On July 27, the Japanese government considered how to respond to the Declaration. In 1854, the Treaty of Kanagawa was signed which permitted trade and opened Japanese ports to merchant ships. ABSS8_ch15.qxd 2/8/07 3:56 PM Page 326. The Portuguese and the Dutch began trading with the Japanese in the 16th century, bringing matchlock muskets and Catholicism to the island nation. 1961 1879-1966 - Margaret Sanger - … He is the one regarded to be responsible for how Japan opened itself to the west through the Kanagawa Convention in 1854. Japanese officials and interpreters came aboard the Powhatan, which Perry had made his flagship for this visit. With the Japanese interest and farther help Perry would be able to claim the first successful mission to open trade with Japan at the age of sixty “Commodore Matthew Perry sailed into Edo Bay with a letter from the President of the United States demanding that Japan open its ports to trade” (Gaynor 658). … Then in 1854 the American Commodore Perry and two fully-armed steamships arrived in Japan and demanded that the country end its self-imposed isolation and open itself to trade with the West. The Samurai became obsolete and lost their power and prestige. Commodore Matthew Perry, in an example of gunboat diplomacy, arrived in Edo (Tokyo) Bay in 1853 with a modern fleet of armed steamships. Matthew Galbraith Perry was born into the American ruling class in 1794. Answer on your guided notes Answer This Question 10. Fewer than 20% of Japanese in a 2019 national survey said that they knew a gay person, as opposed to almost 90% in the US. Early on in his excellent history of Commodore Perry's deliberate and U.S. sanctioned effort to spread the gospel according to American interests in mid-19th century Japan, George Feifer has this to say: "Like the overwhelming majority of his fellows, the Commodore had a penchant for criticizing other societies while remaining silent about the flaws of his own. Route taken by Commodore Perry on his way to Japan, 1852-1853. (3) They increased the power of the shogun. Still lacking any notion of why resentment accumulated, the reaction of most Americans these sixty-five years later to Pearl Harbor remains limited to outrage and self-pity. the surrender of the Japanese after the Sino-Japanese War ... What was Commodore Perry's significant contribution to the beginning of Japan's transformation? Japan … Perry, on behalf of the U.S. government, forced Japan to enter into trade with the United States and demanded a treaty permitting trade and the opening of Japanese ports to U.S. merchant ships. It was in the summer of 1853 that the American Commodore, Matthew Perry, first arrived in Edo (modern day Tokyo). What technology did Perry bring with him on his second trip to Japan in 1854? Commodore Matthew Perry arrives to meet the Shogun of Japan in 1853. (4) They allowed the importation of opium into Japan. 7. Bilang isang Asyano, napuntahan mo na ba ang magaganda at mayayamang likas na yaman ng Asya? Matthew Calbraith Perry[Note 1] was a commodore of the United States Navy who commanded ship While Kojima's reaction to the American visitors was not totally negative, he did report some unpleasant aspects. The new head of the U.S. Indo-Pacific Command held talks with top Japanese officials on Tuesday and reaffirmed their alliance amid China’s increasingly assertive claims to contested areas in the region, officials said. Perry’s bold move caught the Japanese authorities—the Shogun and his men—completely by surprise (here was the first “surprise attack in the history of US-Japan relations, but not the last—the attack on Pearl Harbor coming just 88 years later). 1858- Ando Hiroshige (1797-1858), master of the woodblock print, dies. A Russian frigate, the Pallada, arrived in Japan to “open” it a few weeks after Commodore Perry, a tale written up by none other than the novelist Ivan Goncharov who was on board for that purpose. In any case, the reaction from many Japanese writers during and after the Meiji period to the rampant Westernization of the time was not altogether positive. Meiji Restoration lasting effects? The pictures are drawings by the parties involved in this expedition- the Japanese and the Americans. The Tokugawa shogun realized he had no choice but to receive Perry and the letter Perry … This reply gave Perry a powerful opening wedge, the Japanese agreeing to open a harbor within 5 years as a coaling station and refuge. Sondheim imagines and recreates the Japanese reaction to Perry's famous visit through the use of true-life historical figures. This Japanese artist accurately observed the Americans' reaction to the Japanese feast. This radical diplomatic effort concluded with a return voyage a year later and ended Japan’s self-imposed isolation from the Western world. Reaction against domestic reform was comparatively calm, however, and the major stumbling block facing the bakufu was the foreign problem. The Japanese served many courses of soup to the Americans and most were made with fish or seafood. 1858: Japan-US Treaty of Amity and Commerce signed. Objected to bombing of Iraqi villages in 1923. Edo, the largest city in the world, was suddenly at risk. Interior design - Interior design - 19th and early 20th centuries in Europe: Neoclassicism predominated in France till the rise of Napoleon, when to Roman styles were added Egyptian motifs from his Egyptian campaign of 1798. “When Commodore Perry landed at Edo (Tokyo) in 1853, he pled with the Tokugawa shogun to open some Japanese ports to foreign ships in order to resupply. Ever since Commodore Perry's fleet opened Japan in 1853, in an era of great colonial expansion, the Japanese had watched the European powers dominate East Asia and establish colonies and trading privileges. An explanation of how the seminar helped you develop the plan: He entered the Navy in his teens and was soon a naval officer. Several countries had tried previously, yet unsuccessfully, to open up the country to trade. Yukio Mishima (三島 由紀夫, Mishima Yukio, January 14, 1925 – November 25, 1970), born Kimitake Hiraoka (平岡 公威, Hiraoka Kimitake) was a Japanese author, poet, playwright, actor, model, Shintoist, nationalist, and founder of the Tatenokai (楯の会, "Shield Society"), an unarmed civilian militia.Mishima is considered one of the most important Japanese authors of the 20th century. Perry's actions caused a chain reaction in Japan, a process which by the standards of nation-building, can only be called precipitous; but constitutional change is often sudden - ask any Frenchman, Russian or American. Breaking Open Japan: Commodore Perry, Lord Abe, and American Imperialism in 1853: Feifer, George: Amazon.com.au: Books

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